Conclusions
An original method for preparing scaffolds for cell cultures was
developed. It involves modification of the wet phase inversion method by
the use of gelatin nano-non-wovens as a novel, non-classic pore
precursor. The scaffolds obtained by this method have a unique
characteristic. Their upper surface is highly porous, which allows for a
”smooth penetration” of cells into the structure of a scaffold. The
cross-section is characterized by the presence of numerous, large,
interconnected pores. The bottom surface contains a few small pores
which prevent the cells from ”falling out” from the structure of the
scaffolds. In comparison to pores of scaffolds obtained with
conventional pore precursors (polymers added to the scaffold-forming
solution), pores are significantly larger (usually 50–80 µm instead of
10–20 µm) and are evenly distributed.
The proper growth of chondrocytes requires three-dimensional space,
which does not limit the shape they adopt during their growth. Moreover,
the transfer of cultured cells into properly developed tissue requires
interconnected pores since it allows for necessary intercellular
communication. Due to their shape size and the level of interconnection
of pores, scaffolds prepared from PLLA and PCLA, meet all these
requirements. The most favourable morphology is attributed to scaffolds
prepared from a gelatin nano-non-woven, PVP, and
Pluronic®. In addition to the characters mentioned
above, they contain perforations (addition of PVP) and inner walls of
pores are divided into segments (due to addition of
Pluronic®), which facilitates the migration of
particles within the pores.
Cytotoxicity data obtained for the prepared scaffolds prove that none of
the examined polymers is toxic concerning the Jurkat cells. Since the
cells of that line are very susceptible to toxic substances, it has
allowed us to conclude that these scaffolds may also be used for
culturing other types of cells.
It was found that the original scaffolds developed did not show a
cytotoxic effect on mouse fibroblasts since the number of viable cells
after 24 hours of culture in a non-contact test is higher than 70% of
their first number. Cells show an upward trend over time, and their
morphology is normal after 5 days of culture. It is shown that the
scaffolds tested can be used for other cell cultures.