Cardiac diameters and left ventricular function
By two-dimensional echocardiography, left ventricular end-diastolic
dimension (LVEDD) was measured from the parasternal long-axis view,
while the right atrial diameter (RAD) and right ventricular diameter
(RVD) were measured from the apical four-chamber view. The sampling
volume was placed above the aortic valve orifice to obtain the aortic
valve blood flow spectrum and measure the aortic valve velocity (AV)
from the apical five-chamber view. A modified Simpson’s method was used
to measure left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic
volume (ESV). Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) was calculated as
followed: LVEF=(EDV-ESV)/EDV.