Suction Catheter
Michishita and colleagues used an 8-Fr suction catheter with distal holes (Figure 12 )  and accessed CS with the usage of an inner catheter as a guidewire control as well as for its stiffness. Another balloon using Swan-Gantz catheter and a Fogarty catheter was implemented to prevent blood leakage from CS to the right atrium and azygous vein, respectively. They transferred the extracted blood to an absorbing column with the usage of an extracorporeal system. Afterward, the blood was returned back to the swine through the left femoral vein. The total procedure time was 90 minutes and serial blood samples were taken at different pre-and post-column time frames (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 65, 75, and 90 minutes). Iodine contrast concentration was measured through an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer (CMC Development Department, Nihon Schering) with the use of ultraviolet methods. None of the study samples experienced alterations in vital signs including body temperature and blood pressure as well as an electrocardiogram. They also suggested this system can be inserted through femoral access into the CS by fluoroscopic guidance with no usage of contrast administration. Also, the specific design of distal holes on the catheter enables it to efficiently remove contrast from left or right coronary arteries draining into or near the CS ostium. They also claimed this system is quite time-saving because it does not need any pre- or post-procedure interventions (87).