Operative outcomes
The open approach was selected more frequently in the RN group than in the laparoscopic arm (69.7% vs. 30.3%, respectively, p<0.001). In the PN cohort, the perioperative complications and operation time were significantly higher in those undergoing the laparoscopic approach than in those undergoing the open approach (p =0.02, and p <0.001, respectively). In the RN cohort, only blood loss was significantly higher when using the open approach (p =0.01) (see Table 4).
The perioperative and postoperative complication rates and the blood transfusion rate were significantly higher in the PN cohort (p =0.001, p =0.02, and p =0.004, respectively). Histopathological evaluation showed clear cell carcinoma as the most common histological type. Benign pathology was present in 7.6% of the patients who underwent RN and 11.1% of the patients who underwent PN.