Sequencing and comparisons of NHP and human gut microbiomes
We sequenced 16S rDNA extracted from 18 fecal samples collected from captive chimpanzees upon their arrival at Project Chimps sanctuary, generating 1,406,091 million high-quality sequences with an average of 80,704 reads per sample. These data were combined with published V4-V5 16S rDNA amplicon datasets containing matched populations of captive and wild primates from the same species, including doucs, chimpanzees, and gorillas as well as 16S rDNA datasets collected from human populations in the United States, the country in which most captive NHP individuals represented in the combined dataset resided. One fecal sample from a captive chimpanzee (chimp.17) dominated by a single ASV (>50% of reads) was removed from downstream analyses. The total dataset contained 796 samples rarefied to an even depth of 10,000 reads per sample. A list of samples and their corresponding metadata are presented in Table S1. Sample metadata corresponding to published datasets are available in the supplementary materials of their respective studies (Clayton et al., 2016; Moeller et al., 2016; Campbell et al., 2020). A map of sampling locations for wild and captive NHPs is presented in Figure S1.