3.1. Study area
The Northern Peninsula Area (NPA) is a local government area situated at
the tip of Cape York, Queensland, Australia and adjacent to the Torres
Strait to the north. Further to the north lies Papua New Guinea. The NPA
is 105,207 hectares in size and incorporates the Indigenous communities
of Bamaga, Injinoo, New Mapoon, Seisia and Umagico. Outside of these
five communities, the vegetation and landscapes are diverse – including
woodlands, grasslands, tropical rainforests, heathlands, wetlands and
large river systems. It is a biodiverse subequatorial region
(Gabriele-Rivet et al., 2020; Ward et al., 2021).