Mean age |
32.8 ± 5.8 |
32.3 ± 5.6 |
32.5 ± 5.6 |
1867 |
1867 |
NS+ |
Primiparity |
117 (38.7%) |
193 (38.2%) |
419 (39.5%) |
729
(39%) |
729 (39%) |
NS* |
Previous PTB |
25 (8.3%) |
48 (9.5%) |
84 (7.9%) |
157
(8.4%) |
157 (8.4%) |
NS* |
Race
Caucasian
African
South East Asian
Other
|
233 (77.1%)
41 (13.6%)
16 (5.3%)
12 (4%)
|
390 (77.4%)
61 (12.1%)
20 (4%)
33 (6.5%)
|
832 (78.4%)
122 (11.5%)
37 (3.5%)
70 (6.6%)
|
1455 (77.9%)
224 (12%)
73 (3.9%)
115 (6.2%)
|
1455 (77.9%)
224 (12%)
73 (3.9%)
115 (6.2%)
|
NS*
|
Low education (< 8 years) |
101 (33.4%) |
153
(30.4%) |
294 (27.7%) |
548 (29.3%) |
548 (29.3%) |
NS* |
BMI |
22.5 (20.7-25.9) |
22.5 (20.2-25.9) |
23.4 (20.2-25.4) |
1867 |
1867 |
NS§ |
Excessive Weight Gain (IOM) |
124 (60.8%) |
221 (62.6%) |
434
(56%) |
779 (58.8%) |
779 (58.8%) |
NS* |
Smoking habit
Smoking
Stopped in pregnancy
Stopped prior to pregnancy
No smoking
|
30 (10.%)
17 (6%)
8 (2.8%)
229 (80.6%)
|
54 (10.9%)
25 (5%)
16 (3.2%)
400 (80.9%)
|
89 (9%)
45 (4.5%)
45 (4.5%)
809 (82%)
|
173 (9.8%)
87 (4.9%)
69 (3.9%)
1438 (81.4%)
|
173 (9.8%)
87 (4.9%)
69 (3.9%)
1438 (81.4%)
|
NS*
|
Assisted reproductive technologies |
21 (6.9%) |
23 (4.5%) |
41 (3.8%) |
85 (4.5%) |
85 (4.5%) |
0.08* |
Diabetes
Pregestational diabetes
Class A2 GDM
Class A1 GDM
No diabetes
|
8 (2.6%)
15 (5%)
26 (8.6%)
253 (83.8%)
|
13 (2.6%)
14 (2.8%)
28 (5.6%)
449 (89%)
|
14 (1.3%)
20 (1.9%)
90 (8.5%)
937 (88.3%)
|
35 (1.9%)
49 (2.6%)
144 (7.7%)
1639 (87.8%)
|
35 (1.9%)
49 (2.6%)
144 (7.7%)
1639 (87.8%)
|
0.01*
|
Hypertensive disorders
Chronic Hypertension
Chronic Hypertension superimposed Preeclampsia
Gestational Hypertension
Preeclampsia
Normotensive
|
9 (3%)
0
16 (5.3%)
14 (4.6%)
263 (87.1%)
|
9 (1.8%)
0
30 (5.9%)
23 (4.6%)
442 (87.7%)
|
15 (1.4%)
0
74 (7%)
29 (2.7%)
943 (88.9%)
|
33 (1.8%)
0
120 (6.4%)
66 (3.5%)
1648 (88.3%)
|
33 (1.8%)
0
120 (6.4%)
66 (3.5%)
1648 (88.3%)
|
NS**
|
Vaginal bleeding (Abruption/Placenta previa) |
29 (9.6%) |
55
(10.9%) |
60 (5.7%) |
144 (7.7%) |
144 (7.7%) |
<0.01*
|
Liver disorders |
10 (3.3%) |
14 (2.8%) |
40 (3.8%) |
64
(3.4%) |
64 (3.4%) |
NS* |
pPROM |
133 (44%) |
205 (40.7%) |
505 (47.6%) |
843 (45.1%) |
843 (45.1%) |
0.03* |
Clinical chorioamnionitis |
1 (0.3%9 |
2 (0.4%) |
7 (0.7%) |
10 (0.5%) |
10 (0.5%) |
0.7 |
Type of labor
No labour
|
106 (35.1%)
|
176 (35%)
|
270 (25.5%)
|
552 (29.6%)
|
552 (29.6%)
|
< 0.01*
|
Induced labour |
41 (13.6%) |
99 (19.7%) |
226 (21.3%) |
366
(19.6%) |
366 (19.6%) |
|
Spontaneous labour |
155 (51.3%) |
228 (45.3%) |
563 (53.2%) |
946 (50.8%) |
946 (50.8%) |
|
Mode of delivery
Vaginal delivery (spontaneous and operative)
|
157 (52%)
|
257 (51.1%)
|
642 (60.6%)
|
1056 (50.6%)
|
1056 (50.6%)
|
< 0.01*
|
Cesarean in labor |
39 (12.9%) |
70 (13.9%) |
147 (13.9%) |
256 (13.7%) |
256 (13.7%) |
|
Cesarean not in labor |
106 (35.1%) |
176 (35%) |
270 (25.5%) |
552 (29.7%) |
552 (29.7%) |
|
Antenatal corticosteroids
No steroids
|
111(36.7%)
|
305 (60.5%)
|
817 (77%)
|
1233 (66%)
|
1233 (66%)
|
< 0.01*
|
1 course |
178 (58.9%) |
195 (38.7%) |
232 (21.9%) |
605
(32.4%) |
605 (32.4%) |
|
2 courses |
13 (4.4%) |
4 (0.8%) |
12 (1.1%) |
29 (1.6%) |
29
(1.6%) |
|
ASA prophylaxis |
10 (3.3%) |
11 (2.2%) |
23 (2.2%) |
44
(2.3%) |
44 (2.3%) |
NS* |
LMWH prophylaxis |
3 (1%) |
8 (1.6%) |
13 (1.2%) |
24
(1.3%) |
24 (1.3%) |
NS** |
Progesterone Prophylaxis |
23 (7.6%) |
26 (5.2) |
31 (2.9%) |
80 (4.3%) |
80 (4.3%) |
< 0.01* |
Non ressuring fetal monitoring (category III sec ACOG) |
18
(6%) |
32 (6.3%) |
51 (4.8%) |
51 (4.8%) |
101 (5.4%) |
NS* |
Growth restriction (IUGR) |
41 (13.6%) |
68 (13.5%) |
88
(8.3%) |
88 (8.3%) |
197 (10.5%) |
0.01* |
Diagnosis of fetal anomaly
None
|
295 (97.7%)
|
496 (98.4%)
|
1039 (97.9%)
|
1039 (97.9%)
|
1830 (98%)
|
0.7**
|
Cardiovascular |
3 (1%) |
0 |
6 (0.6%) |
6 (0.6%) |
9 (0.5%) |
|
CNS |
0 |
2 (0.4%) |
3 (0.3%) |
3 (0.3%) |
5 (0.2%) |
|
Gastrointestinal |
1 (0.3%) |
2 (0.4%) |
3 (0.3%) |
3 (0.3%) |
6 (0.3%) |
|
Genito-urinary |
0 |
0 |
2 (0.2%) |
2 (0.2%) |
2 (0.1%) |
|
Others |
3 (1%) |
4 (0.8%) |
8 (0.7%) |
8 (0.7%) |
15 (0.9%) |
|
Amniotic fluid
Oligo/anidramnios
Polidramnios
Normal
|
18 (6%)
7 (2.3%)
277 (91.7%)
|
31 (6.1%)
8 (1.6%)
465 (92.3%)
|
52 (4.9%)
16 (1.5%)
993 (93.6%)
|
52 (4.9%)
16 (1.5%)
993 (93.6%)
|
101 (5.4%)
31 (1.7%)
1735 (92.9%)
|
0.7
|