Figure 1. Evaluation of ERP in the three portions of the SVC
The left-side figure (A) shows the superior view, and the right-side
figure (B) shows the left anterior oblique view in CARTO. Orange tags
were defined as the anterior, septal, and posterior sides, 2 mm above
the SVC-RA junction. An ablation catheter was used to pace these three
portions to investigate the SVC-ERP. The lateral side was not paced
because of the common site of phrenic nerve stimulation. The length from
the SVC-RA junction to the top of the myocardial sleeve and the longer
and shorter diameters of the SVC at the height of the SVC-RA junction
were also measured
Abbreviations: ERP, effective refractory period; RA, right atrium; SVC,
superior vena cava.