Author
Year
( ) ref
|
No. of cases
|
Experimental models
|
Methods
|
Relevant results
|
Association
(Level of evidence)
|
Chawes, 2011 (45)
|
N= 411 children with AR, non AR and healthy controls (6 yr)
|
Nasal airway patency was assessed by acoustic rhinometry.
|
Acoustic rhinometry was performed twice in the child’s 6th year of life,
with or without allergy. Nasal eosinophilia was assessed by nasal
scraping.
|
Nasal eosinophilia correlated with irreversible nasal airway
obstruction, in allergic children already at age 6 years. No change in
nasal airway patency were observed in non-allergic rhinitis.
|
Yes
(Level III)
|
Blair et al. 2001 (46)
|
N/A
|
Mouse sensitized to ovalbumin by intraperitoneal injection.
|
Sinuses of the mouse were infected by S. Pneumoniae, with or without
concomitant administration of ovalbumin to induce or not
allergic inflammation.
|
Mice with allergic sino-nasal inflammation had significantly more
bacteria and significantly more inflammation (as indicated by
neutrophil, eosinophil, and mononuclear influx) into the sinus respect
the non-allergic ones.
|
Yes
(Level V)
|
Shin et al. 2015 (47)
|
N= 36 CRS responders vs 22 CRS
non-responders, 22 healthy controls.
(age<15yr)
|
Serum analyses.
|
Skin prick tests were performed along with serum total IgE, total
eosinophil count (TEC), serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) level,
and ImmunoCAP analysis for common allergens.
|
TEC, ECP, and total IgE levels were significantly higher in the
non-responder group than in the responder and control groups.
|
Yes
(Level III)
|
Mikolajczyk et al. 2019 (48)
|
N= 842 AR children and 96 controls.
|
%EOSns. MCT.
|
All patients underwent saccharin and skin prick tests, nasal smear
eosinophilia, total and specific IgE serum concentration and MCT
measurement.
|
Nasal MCT was significantly longer in AR patients than controls. %EOSns
were significantly higher in patients than controls. A weak, but
significant correlation was observed between %EOSns and MCT.
|
Yes
(Level III)
|
Brożek-Mądry et al. 2012 (49)
|
N= 64 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps and 30
controls (age 5-18 yr).
|
Epithelial cultures (middle meatal cells).
|
Middle meatal culture and cytological examination from the inferior
nasal concha and middle meatus.
|
The most common strains of bacteria found in patients with CRS were
associated with a higher percentage of eosinophils in cytology and high
prevalence in atopic patients.
|
Yes
(Level V)
|