Clinical evidence linking allergy to risk of upper respiratory tract infections Clinical evidence linking allergy to risk of upper respiratory tract infections Clinical evidence linking allergy to risk of upper respiratory tract infections Clinical evidence linking allergy to risk of upper respiratory tract infections Clinical evidence linking allergy to risk of upper respiratory tract infections Clinical evidence linking allergy to risk of upper respiratory tract infections
Author Year (ref)
Type of article
No. of cases (mean age)
Methods
Relevant results
Association (Level of evidence)
Karevold et al. 2006 (21)
Cross-sectional survey.
N= 5125 (10 yr).
Assess co-morbidity and risk factors for recurrent upper and lower respiratory infections.
Atopic disease was a constitutional risk factor, for upper and lower airway infections.
Yes (Level IV)
Ciprandi et al. 2009 (22)
Prospective study.
N=117 (4.02 ± 1.0yr); 46 allergic.
Evaluate the number and duration of respiratory infections (RI) in allergic and non-allergic children.
Allergic children showed a significantly higher number (mean 1.26 +/- 0.73) and longer duration of RI (8.92 days) in comparison with non-allergic group (0.94 +/- 1.37 and 4.85 days).
Yes (Level II)
Kværner et al. 1996 (23)
Retrospective analysis.
N= 7992 (mean age not known)
Estimate comorbidity between ear infections, tonsillitis, sinusitis and related childhood diseases
The correlation between the infectious and atopic diseases were weak.
Inconclusive (Level IV)
Sütçü et al. 2016 (24)
Retrospective analysis.
N= 507 children (46, range 4-190, months)
Evaluate children presenting with the complaint of recurrent infections and to determine the possible predictive factors.
Atopic children had longer episodes of recurrent URTI compared to controls; however, the number of episodes per year was not significantly different.
No (Level IV)
Role of anti-allergy treatment in preventing upper respiratory infections. Role of anti-allergy treatment in preventing upper respiratory infections. Role of anti-allergy treatment in preventing upper respiratory infections. Role of anti-allergy treatment in preventing upper respiratory infections. Role of anti-allergy treatment in preventing upper respiratory infections. Role of anti-allergy treatment in preventing upper respiratory infections.
Ciprandi 1999 (22)
Double-blind and placebo-controlled study.
N= 20 children with allergy; 10 terfendine group (8.5±3 yr); 10 placebo (7.9±2.7 yr).
Continuous terfenadine (1 mg/kg per body weight per day) vs placebo for 1 year. Outcome: Symptoms; inflammatory cells and ICAM-1 measured by nasal scraping.
Terfenadine treatment reduce ICAM-1 expression on nasal epithelial cells; children treated with terfenadine had significantly fewer extra visits and school absences than the placebo group.
Yes (Level I)
Fasce 1996 (16)
Double-blind, placebo controlled randomized study.
N= 20 children (5-14 years old) with mite allergy.
Cetirizine vs placebo for 15 days. Nasal scrapings were performed to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration and ICAM-I expression on epithelial cells.
Cetirizine-treated children showed a significant reduction (or even total absence) of ICAM-I expression on epithelial cells (p=0.002) and a reduction trend in inflammatory cell counts compared with placebo
Yes (Level I)
Barebri et al 2015 (27)
Prospective case control observational stydy, not-randomised.
N=40 HDM allergic children (9.3 yr)
Patients were subdivided in 2 groups: 20 treated by symptomatic drugs and 20 by high-dose HDM-SLIT.
SLIT-treated children had significantly (p = 0.01) less RI episodes (3.5) than control group (5.45).
Yes (Level II)
Barberi 2018 (26)
Retrospective analysis.
N= 33 HDM allergic children (9.3 yr).
Investigate whether 3 year high-dose HDM-SLIT affects respiratory infections in children with allergic rhinitis.
SLIT-treated children had significantly fewer RI episodes than symptomatically treated children. In addition, they had less fever and took fewer medications, such as antibiotics and antipyretics.
Yes (Level IV)