Definition of outcomes
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) was defined as an estimated blood loss of
> 500 mL and/or a hemoglobin drop of ≥ 3 g% after a VD.
PPH is often objectively measured according to the weight of the pads
used after delivery.
Primary outcome was defined as a composite adverse maternal and neonatal
outcome. The composite outcome included one or more of the following:
intrauterine fetal death, placental abruption, pre-term birth
< 37 weeks of gestation, immediate premature rupture of the
membranes, and immediate delivery following trauma.
Secondary outcome was the occurrence of any of the individual
complications that composed the composite adverse outcome.