|
|
|
|
Lung |
Gastrointestinal |
Liver |
Kidney & urinary tract |
Cardiovascular |
Angiotensin receptor blockers
|
Losartan
|
Inhibitors of Epithelium Cell Entry
|
Headache, dizziness, hypotension, fatigue, foetal toxicity
|
Yes?
|
|
ALT elevation, hepatotoxicity
|
|
Myocardial injury,
Atrial fibrillation
|
Anti-HIV drug Protease inhibitor
|
Lopinavir-ritonavir
|
Antiviral drug
|
|
|
Diarrhoea, nausea vomiting,
pancreatitis
|
|
|
|
Antimalarial |
Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine |
Antiviral and
immunomodulating effects |
Retinal toxicity |
|
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
QT
prolongation, ventricular tachycardia |
C-adenosine nucleotide analogue developed for Ebola treatment |
Remdesivir |
Broad spectrum antiviral |
|
Yes? |
|
Mild to
moderate ALT and AST elevation, LFT monitoring required |
Kidney
toxicity |
|
Pseudo purine nucleotide |
Favipiravir |
Broad spectrum
antiviral |
Teratogenicity, embryotoxicity |
Bronchitis, cough |
|
DILI
with concomitant medications |
|
Thrombosis with
oestrogens |
IL-6 receptor inhibitors
|
Tocilizumab, sarilumab, siltuximab
|
Modulation of the hyperinflammatory phase,
Anti IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody
|
Neutropenia, increased infection rate, TB and herpes
|
Respiratory infection
|
Abdominal pain, mouth ulceration, nausea, lipid elevation, vomiting
diarrhoea, loss of appetite
|
Hepatotoxicity, LFT monitoring required
|
Urinary tract infection
|
|
IL-1 receptor inhibitors |
Anakinra |
Modulation of the
hyperinflammatory phase, IL-1 receptor antagonist |
infection,
neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, headache, blood cholesterol increase and
injection site reactions |
Upper respiratory infection, bronchitis |
|
|
Urinary tract infection |
|
JAK inhibitors |
Baricitinib |
Inhibition of virus entry into
cells, anti-inflammatory effect |
Deep vein thrombosis |
|
|
|
Exacerbation of renal impairment? |
|
Type 1 IFN
|
IFN-beta
|
Stimulation of the body’s anti-viral response
|
neutropenia, leukopenia, lymphopenia,
depression
|
|
|
Elevated ALT
|
|
|