Comparison of postnatal cardiac indices in GDM and controls
Postnatal assessment was carried out at 7±2.3 months in the offspring of women with GDM and at 11±2.7 months in the controls. Infant weight and height were lower in GDM compared to controls. In the GDM group, compared to controls, there was higher left ventricular E/e’ (8.7, IQR 7.3/9.7 vs 7.9, IQR, 6.8/8.9, p=0.011) and lower left ventricular global longitudinal systolic strain (-21.0, IQR -22.5/-19.4 vs -22.3, IQR -23.5/-20.7, p=0.001) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (13.8, IQR 12.7/16.1 vs 15.2, IQR 13.8/16.8, p=0.003) (Table 4). These differences remained following multivariable analysis (Table 3). There was no significant interaction between GDM and time interval from fetal cardiac assessment. There was no difference in postnatal cardiac functional and structural indices within the GDM group according to diabetic treatment in pregnancy (Supplementary Table 1)