Personal and family lifetime psychiatric history (table 3)
A history of any psychiatric disorder was significantly associated with
early PPD (aOR=2.1, 95%CI 1.6-2.8, p<.001) and late PPD
(aOR=1.6, 95%CI 1.2-2.1, p<.001). Histories of depression and
suicide attempt increased the risk twofold for both early and late PPD
(depression: aOR=2.1, 95%CI 1.6-2.7 and aOR=1.7, 95%CI 1.3-2.3
respectively, p<.001 for both; suicide attempt: aOR=2.1,
95%CI 1.2-3.8 p=.015 for early PPD, aOR=2.4, 95%CI 1.3-4.4 p=.006 for
late PPD). History of any anxiety disorders (specific phobia,
agoraphobia, social anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder or panic
disorder) was associated with an increased risk of both early and late
PPD (aOR=1.7, 95%CI 1.2-2.3 p=.002, aOR=1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.2 p=.007). A
history of substance use disorders was significantly associated with
higher risk of both forms of PPD (aOR=1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.5, p=.016 for
early PPD and aOR=1.6, 95%CI 1.0-2.4, p=.035 for late PPD), whereas
tobacco dependence was more common for those with early PPD than for
controls (aOR=1.7, 95%CI 1.1-2.6, p=.015). Eating disorders and alcohol
use disorder were not significantly associated with PPD.
A family history of psychiatric disorder was associated with a higher
risk of late PPD (aOR=1.5, 95%CI 1.1-2.1, p=.048), but not with early
PPD. Women with late PPD were significantly more likely to report
specifically familial history of mood (aOR=1.6, 95%CI 1.2-2.1,
p<.001) and anxiety disorder (aOR=1.5, 95%CI 1.1-2.0, p=.012)
than controls.