Lifetime psychiatric disorder at the initial evaluation
During the first interview, personal psychiatric history was assessed by
a trained clinician using the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic studies
(DIGS), a semi-structured interview (30,35), adapted to DSM-5 criteria
(31). Lifetime prevalence for mood disorders (including major depressive
episode, mania, hypomania), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety
disorders (including panic disorder, agoraphobia, social anxiety
disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, and generalized anxiety
disorder), substance use disorders (SUDs, including tobacco, alcohol,
cannabis, cocaine, stimulants, opiates and hallucinogens), eating
disorders (anorexia and bulimia) and suicide attempts were assessed.
Family psychiatric history (1st degree relatives) of
mood disorder, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, alcohol and substance
use disorders, was also assessed using the Family Informant Schedule and
Criteria, a validated questionnaire (FISC) (36).