Personal and family lifetime psychiatric history (table 3)
A history of any psychiatric disorder was significantly associated with early PPD (aOR=2.1, 95%CI 1.6-2.8, p<.001) and late PPD (aOR=1.6, 95%CI 1.2-2.1, p<.001). Histories of depression and suicide attempt increased the risk twofold for both early and late PPD (depression: aOR=2.1, 95%CI 1.6-2.7 and aOR=1.7, 95%CI 1.3-2.3 respectively, p<.001 for both; suicide attempt: aOR=2.1, 95%CI 1.2-3.8 p=.015 for early PPD, aOR=2.4, 95%CI 1.3-4.4 p=.006 for late PPD). History of any anxiety disorders (specific phobia, agoraphobia, social anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder or panic disorder) was associated with an increased risk of both early and late PPD (aOR=1.7, 95%CI 1.2-2.3 p=.002, aOR=1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.2 p=.007). A history of substance use disorders was significantly associated with higher risk of both forms of PPD (aOR=1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.5, p=.016 for early PPD and aOR=1.6, 95%CI 1.0-2.4, p=.035 for late PPD), whereas tobacco dependence was more common for those with early PPD than for controls (aOR=1.7, 95%CI 1.1-2.6, p=.015). Eating disorders and alcohol use disorder were not significantly associated with PPD.
A family history of psychiatric disorder was associated with a higher risk of late PPD (aOR=1.5, 95%CI 1.1-2.1, p=.048), but not with early PPD. Women with late PPD were significantly more likely to report specifically familial history of mood (aOR=1.6, 95%CI 1.2-2.1, p<.001) and anxiety disorder (aOR=1.5, 95%CI 1.1-2.0, p=.012) than controls.