Results
A total of 533 patients were included in this study. Baseline
characteristics and preoperative comorbidities are presented inTable 1 . The majority of patients in this cohort were male (333
[63.4%]) and of white race (487 [91.4%]). A total of 310
(58.2%) cases were performed as an urgent procedure, and 62 (11.6%)
were categorized as emergent or salvage procedures. Median Society of
Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality was 3.8% (IQR 1.9% to
7.9%).
The most common procedure performed was isolated coronary arterial
bypass grafting (CABG), performed in 159 (29.8%) cases. Other commonly
performed procedures were double valve interventions (84 [15.8%])
and combined CABG and aortic valve replacement (60 [11.3%]).
Operative characteristics are displayed in Table 2 .
Cardiopulmonary bypass was utilized in 91.6% of cases with a median
perfusion time and cross clamp time of 185 minutes (IQR 123 to 260) and
122 minutes (IQR 81 to 179), respectively.
Intraoperatively, or within the postoperative period, a total of 442
(82.9%) of patients had an IABP placed (Table 3 ). A total of
23 (4.3%) had an Impella device placed, and 115 (21.6%) were placed on
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Three (0.6%) patients had
an unplanned ventricular assist device placed. Most (487 [91.37%])
patients were supported with one circulatory support device, while 4
(0.75%) patients were exposed to three different forms of MCS during
the intraoperative and postoperative period.
Postoperative outcomes are presented in Table 4 . In this
cohort, operative mortality was 29.8%. Blood products were administered
in 80.9% of patients, and the rate of reoperation was 46.5%. Other
complications included prolonged mechanical ventilation (334
[62.7%]), renal failure (170 [31.9%]), pneumonia (116
[21.8%]), and stroke (31 [17.1%]). Patients spent a median
time of 124 hours in an intensive care unit setting.