Study Population
This was a retrospective single institutional analysis that included adult patients (18 years or older) who underwent cardiac surgery at a multi-hospital health system between January 2011 and June 2018. Patients were included if they were placed on CPB during the case and had a perfusion time of 300 minutes or greater. For patients requiring multiple CPB runs, the cumulative time on CPB was calculated and utilized for analysis. Patients requiring circulatory arrest were excluded. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Pittsburgh (MOD18120143-003, approved 3/9/2020). Patient consent was waived due to retrospective nature of the study.