Univariate HR 95% CI P-Value
Postoperative GI complication 4.62 3.89, 5.49 <0.001
Multivariate HR 95% CI P-Value
Postoperative GI complication 3.12 2.61, 3.72 <0.001
Female 1.17 1.07, 1.29 0.001
Diabetes mellitus 1.39 1.27, 1.54 <0.001
Dyslipidemia 0.82 0.73, 0.93 0.001
Dialysis dependency 2.13 1.60, 2.82 <0.001
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 1.53 1.39, 1.69 <0.001
Immunosuppression 1.65 1.41, 1.93 <0.001
Peripheral vascular disease 1.51 1.37, 1.67 <0.001
Cerebrovascular disease 1.29 1.17, 1.43 <0.001
Previous CABG 1.38 1.17, 1.62 0.001
Previous myocardial infarction 1.15 1.02, 1.29 0.02
Preoperative cardiac arrhythmia 1.38 1.24, 1.53 <0.001
Prior heart failure 1.16 1.03, 1.31 0.02
Operative status
Elective Reference Reference Reference
Urgent 1.16 1.03, 1.32 0.01
Emergent or emergent salvage 1.62 1.28, 2.05 <0.001
NYHA Class symptoms
I Reference Reference Reference
II 1.07 0.87, 1.33 0.51
III 1.25 1.08, 1.44 0.003
IV 1.45 1.23, 1.71 <0.001
Procedure
Isolated CABG Reference Reference Reference
Isolated MV Repair 1.24 0.77, 1.99 0.37
Isolated MV Replacement 0.98 0.61, 1.59 0.93
CABG + MV Repair 1.11 0.83, 1.50 0.47
CABG + MV Replacement 1.16 1.15, 2.43 0.007
CABG + AV Replacement 1.48 1.15, 1.91 0.002
Cardiac presentation
Stable angina Reference Reference Reference
Unstable angina 0.71 0.60, 0.84 <0.001
NSTEMI 0.74 0.61, 0.89 0.002
STEMI 0.58 0.44, 0.77 0.001
Anticoagulant within 5 days before surgery 1.16 1.03, 1.30 0.02
Antiplatelet within 5 days before surgery 0.82 0.72, 0.93 0.003
Age, increasing, years 1.04 1.03, 1.05 <0.001
Left ventricular EF, increasing, per 1% 0.99 0.985, 0.993 <0.001
Serum creatinine, increasing, per mg/dL 1.10 1.05, 1.15 <0.001