2.2. Land use selection
FL was selected as control treatment and other LU (BL/CL/GL/HL/PL) was
taken as other treatments for this study. FL covered all types of
situations existence like open to dense forest, single species tree
cover to several species tree cover, Himalayan to plain forest and low
aged to high aged trees. BL was considered with no vegetations either
naturally developed or developed due to anthropogenic activities. CL was
considered for all the type of crops and cropping systems either grown
in Himalayan valleys or plain from northern to southern part and western
to eastern part. Natural GL was used with no specific grasses grown in
the areas. HL includes orchards and agroforestry whereas PL includes
mainly arecanut plantation, coffee plantation, mango plantation, oil
palm plantation, orange plantation, pine plantation and teak plantation.