Tree species/ Stand Above-ground Mg ha-1 Below-ground C Mg ha-1 Basal area m2 ha-1 IVI
AER
A. nepalensis 5.65c±1.23 3.32b±0.54 5.2a ±0.1 300±0
Herbs 0.54b±0.03 0.12a±0.02
Shrubs 1.26a±0.03 0.823c±0.01
Litter 0.32c±0.1
SOC (0-10 cm) 3.31a±0.54
Ecosystem carbon storage 15.85c±2.13
APDF
A. nepalensis 40.61c±5.95 10.79b±1.51 27.81ab±5.22 141.33a±15
Q. leucotrichophora 7.10c±2.37 2.85b±1.18 2.02ab±0.70 38.51a±7.84
R. arboreum 16.49a±1.85 5.3a±1.16 10.74a±1.33 66.22a±8.88
Associated species 10.82a±1.14 3.01b±0.38 2.19ab±0.60 52.69a±11.7
Sub-total tree layer 75.01a±8.17 21.68b±3.86 42.56a±3.93
Herbs 0.98c±0.23 0.35b±0.14
Shrubs 1.23c±0.21 0.58b±0.12
Litter 1.32c±0.13
SOC (0-30 cm) 31.21ab±3.12
Ecosystem carbon storage 183a±8.23
ALR
A. nepalensis 12.51b±1.99 3.55b±0.94 7.86a±0.55 58.13ab±1.6
Q. leucotrichophora 44.63d±13.71 21.49bc±5.96 4.71a±1.11 73.22a±9.78
R. arboreum 14.06b±2.66 5.8±1b.65 4.30a±0.77 58.14ab±6.7
Associated species 34.48c±14.90 10.54d±4.02 7.35a±0.64 117.16a±11
Sub –total tree layer 105.68c±20.82 41.37d±8.14 24.19c±1
Herbs 1.32b±0.23 0.78c±0.12
Shrubs 1.56d±0.34 0.92a±0.21
Litter 2.56b±0.98
SOC (0-100 cm) 75.47a±4.23
Ecosystem carbon storage 216.26±10.32
AMOM
A. nepalensis 44.08b±1.83 9.65a±0.98 28.32b±2.54 82.44a±4.37
Q. leucotrichophora 44.87b±2.04 15.90a±1.5 10.32b±0.72 51.73b±3.60
R. arboreum 19.22b±1.22 6.78a±0.49 10.62b±0.94 49.15c±2.42
Associated species 75.62a±6.02 23.43b±2.84 13.62a±1.50 112.46a±2.4
Sub-total tree layer 183.58a±28.98 54.75ab±11.23 62.89ab±2.56
Herbs 0.76b±0.14 0.31a±0.12
Shrubs 1.35c±0.21 0.45a±0.26
Litter 3.15a±0.98
SOC (0-100 cm) 157.04b±9.23
Ecosystem carbon storage 390.32ab±10.23
AMR
A. nepalensis 111.7a±7.3 27.4b±2.9 58.7a±2.6 171.95a±10
Q. leucotrichophora 22.45a±3.14 5.5a±1.16 7.7b±2.9 20.26a±2.22
R. arboreum 34.57a±2.87 11.17a±0.9 20.63a±2.33 97.55a±11.6
Associated species 1.44b±0.55 0.03a±0.01 0.89b±0.33 10.23b±5.44
Sub-total tree layer 170.15b±16.14 44.08a±5.92 87.90a±8.09
Herbs 1.26a±0.12 0.54b±0.02
Shrubs 1.78a±0.32 0.78ab±0.02
Litter 3.56b±0.78
SOC (0-100 cm) 159.43c±8.92
Ecosystem carbon storage 403.66a±5.6
AMOO
A. nepalensis 84.86a±18.70 16.28a±7.07 40.58a±1.45 110.35a±1.8
Q. leucotrichophora 107.79b±25.93 30.12ab±7.02 32.25ab±1.83 98.21a±1.81
R. arboreum 5.57a±2.1 1.76a±0.8 5.12a±0.88 21.58a±3.21
Associated species 33.37a±11.48 8.12ab±4.11 10.46a±0.78 69.38b±1.29
Sub-total tree layer 231.56b±33.6 55.6a±10.98 88.39ab±4.88
Herbs layer 0.89ab±0.23 0.21a±0.12
Shrubs layer 1.43a±0.12 0.49b±0.13
Litter 3.34b±1.33
SOC (0-100 cm) 210.13c±10.43
Ecosystem carbon storage 500.08b±14.4