Subject characteristics
At birth, 258 healthy newborns were enrolled into the study. 132 children consistently followed up until 7 years old (Figure 1). Among these, 132 children, 10 (7.6%) were diagnosed with asthma, 77 (58.3%) with allergic rhinitis, and 9 (6.8%) with atopic dermatitis. Of the 10 asthma cases, 9 also had allergic rhinitis. All cases with atopic dermatitis also had allergic rhinitis. There was no overlap noted between cases with asthma and atopic dermatitis. There was no significant difference between the baseline demographic characteristics of the 132 children at 7 years old and the initial 258 children enrolled at birth (Supplementary table).