References
1. Singh JP, Evans JC, Levy D, et al. Prevalence and clinical determinants of mitral, tricuspid, and aortic regurgitation (The Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol . 1999;83(6):897-902. doi:10.1016/S0002-9149(98)01064-9
2. Ghadrdoost B, Kyavar M, Haghighat-Talab A, et al. Impact of severe tricuspid regurgitation on long term survival. Res Cardiovasc Med . 2015;2(3):121. doi:10.5812/cardiovascmed.11281
3. Bar N, Schwartz LA, Biner S, et al. Clinical Outcome of Isolated Tricuspid Regurgitation in Patients with Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Pulmonary Hypertension. J Am Soc Echocardiogr . 2018;31(1):34-41. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2017.09.010
4. Topilsky Y, Inojosa JM, Benfari G, et al. Clinical presentation and outcome of tricuspid regurgitation in patients with systolic dysfunction. Eur Heart J . 2018;39(39):3584-3592. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy434
5. Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: Executive Summary. Circulation . 2014;129(23):2440-2492. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000029
6. Schwartz LA, Rozenbaum Z, Ghantous E, et al. Impact of Right Ventricular Dysfunction and Tricuspid Regurgitation on Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. J Am Soc Echocardiogr . 2017;30(1):36-46. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2016.08.016
7. Topilsky Y, Nkomo VT, Vatury O, et al. Clinical Outcome of Isolated Tricuspid Regurgitation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging . 2014;7(12):1185-1194. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.07.018
8. Sagie A, Schwammenthal E, Newell JB, et al. Significant tricuspid regurgitation is a marker for adverse outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous ballon mitral valvuloplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol . 1994;24(3):696-702. doi:10.1016/0735-1097(94)90017-5
9. Nath J, Foster E, Heidenreich PA. Impact of Tricuspid Regurgitation on Long-Term Survival. J Am Coll Cardiol . 2004;43(3):405-409. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.09.036
10. Arbel Y, Shacham Y, Finkelstein A, et al. Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) and long-term survival in patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Thromb Res . 2014;134(5):976-979. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2014.08.016
11. O’Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Executive Summary. Circulation . 2013;127(4):529-555. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182742c84
12. Arkles JS, Opotowsky AR, Ojeda J, et al. Shape of the right ventricular Doppler envelope predicts hemodynamics and right heart function in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med . 2011;183(2):268-276. doi:10.1164/rccm.201004-0601OC
13. Zoghbi WA, Adams D, Bonow RO, et al. Recommendations for Noninvasive Evaluation of Native Valvular Regurgitation: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography Developed in Collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr . 2017;30(4):303-371. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2017.01.007
14. Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: An update from the American society of echocardiography and the European association of cardiovascular imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging . 2015;16(3):233-271. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jev014
15. Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, et al. Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: An update from the American society of echocardiography and the European association of cardiovascular imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging . 2016;17(12):1321-1360. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jew082
16. LANG R, BIERIG M, DEVEREUX R, et al. Recommendations for chamber quantification☆. Eur J Echocardiogr . 2006;7(2):79-108. doi:10.1016/j.euje.2005.12.014
17. ZOGHBI W, Kraft CD, Levine RA, et al. Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr . 2003;16(7):777-802. doi:10.1016/S0894-7317(03)00335-3
18. Kircher BJ, Himelman RB, Schiller NB. Noninvasive estimation of right atrial pressure from the inspiratory collapse of the inferior vena cava. Am J Cardiol . 1990;66(4):493-496. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(90)90711-9
19. Singh JP, Evans JC, Levy D, al. et. Prevalence and clinical determinates of mitral, tricuspid, and aortic regurgitation. Am J Cardiol . 1999.
20. Messika-Zeitoun D, Thomson H, Bellamy M, et al. Medical and surgical outcome of tricuspid regurgitation caused by flail leaflets. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg . 2004. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.01.035
21. Sagie A, Schwammenthal E, Newell JB, et al. Significant tricuspid regurgitation is a marker for adverse outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous ballon mitral valvuloplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol . 1994. doi:10.1016/0735-1097(94)90017-5
22. Topilsky Y, Nkomo VT, Vatury O, et al. Clinical outcome of isolated tricuspid regurgitation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging . 2014. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.07.018
23. Barbanti M, Binder RK, Dvir D, et al. Prevalence and Impact of Preoperative Moderate / Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation on Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. doi:10.1002/ccd.25512
24. Mahesh B, Wells F, Nashef S, Nair S. Role of concomitant tricuspid surgery in moderate functional tricuspid regurgitation in patients undergoing left heart valve surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg . 2013;43(1):2-8. doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezs441
25. Neuhold S, Huelsmann M, Pernicka E, et al. Impact of tricuspid regurgitation on survival in patients with chronic heart failure : unexpected findings of a long-term observational study. 2013:844-852. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs465
26. Koelling TM, Aaronson KD, Cody RJ, Bach DS, Armstrong WF. Prognostic significance of mitral regurgitation and tricuspid regurgitation in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Am Heart J . 2002;144(3):524-529. doi:10.1067/mhj.2002.123575
27. Lee J-W, Song J-M, Park JP, Lee JW, Kang D-H, Song J-K. Long-term prognosis of isolated significant tricuspid regurgitation. Circ J . 2010.
28. Rogers JH, Bolling SF. The tricuspid valve: Current perspective and evolving management of tricuspid regurgitation. Circulation . 2009. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.842773
29. Walker JR, Mousavi N, Horlick E, Seifer C, Jassal DS. Tricuspid valvular papillary muscle rupture with intractable hypoxia: a rare complication post MI. J Am Soc Echocardiogr . 2009;22(7):863.e1-3. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2009.02.021
30. Goldstein JA, Oak R. Pathophysiology and Management of Right Heart Ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol . 2002;40(5):841-853. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(02)02048-X
31. Lewis JF, Webber JD, Sutton LL, Chesoni S, Curry CL. Discordance in degree of right and left ventricular dilation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: recognition and clinical implications. J Am Coll Cardiol . 1993;21(3):649-654. doi:10.1016/0735-1097(93)90097-k
32. Hoogslag GE, Haeck MLA, Velders MA, et al. Determinants of right ventricular remodeling following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol . 2014;114(10):1490-1496. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.08.006
Figure 1. Patient selection process. STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; TR,
Tricuspid Regurgitation; Mod, moderate.
Figure 2. Cox regression curve for overall survival of patients. TR, Tricuspid Regurgitation.