Methods
Tsetse from a colony of G. m. morsitans maintained at LSTM were
used for the experiments. The
colony was originally established using pupae from Zimbabwe
and has been maintained at LSTM
since 2004. The colony was kept at 26°C (± 2 °C), 68–76% relative
humidity and a 12 h photoperiod. Flies were fed on a Monday, Wednesday
and Friday on defibrinated horse blood (TSC Bioscience) which comprises
40–50% red blood cells.