References:
1. Rudmik L, Soler ZM, Mace JC, Schlosser RJ, Smith TL. Economic
evaluation of endoscopic sinus surgery versus continued medical therapy
for refractory chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope. 2015;125(1):25-32.
2. Hastan D, Fokkens WJ, Bachert C, Newson RB, Bislimovska J,
Bockelbrink A, et al. Chronic rhinosinusitis in Europe–an
underestimated disease. A GA(2)LEN study. Allergy. 2011;66(9):1216-23.
3. Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Hopkins C, Hellings PW, Kern R, Reitsma S, et
al. Executive summary of EPOS 2020 including integrated care pathways.
Rhinology. 2020.
4. Jarvis D, Newson R, Lotvall J, Hastan D, Tomassen P, Keil T, et al.
Asthma in adults and its association with chronic rhinosinusitis: the
GA2LEN survey in Europe. Allergy. 2012;67(1):91-8.
5. van der Veen J, Seys SF, Timmermans M, Levie P, Jorissen M, Fokkens
WJ, et al. Real-life study showing uncontrolled rhinosinusitis after
sinus surgery in a tertiary referral centre. Allergy. 2017;72(2):282-90.
6. Van Zele T, Holtappels G, Gevaert P, Bachert C. Differences in
initial immunoprofiles between recurrent and nonrecurrent chronic
rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2014;28(3):192-8.
7. Alsharif S, Jonstam K, van Zele T, Gevaert P, Holtappels G, Bachert
C. Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Type-2 CRS wNP: An Endotype-Based
Retrospective Study. Laryngoscope. 2019;129(6):1286-92.
8. Bachert C, Han JK, Desrosiers M, Hellings PW, Amin N, Lee SE, et al.
Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in patients with severe chronic
rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (LIBERTY NP SINUS-24 and LIBERTY NP
SINUS-52): results from two multicentre, randomised, double-blind,
placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase 3 trials. Lancet. 2019.
9. Bachert C, Sousa AR, Lund VJ, Scadding GK, Gevaert P, Nasser S, et
al. Reduced need for surgery in severe nasal polyposis with mepolizumab:
Randomized trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140(4):1024-31 e14.
10. Gevaert P, Calus L, Van Zele T, Blomme K, De Ruyck N, Bauters W, et
al. Omalizumab is effective in allergic and nonallergic patients with
nasal polyps and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131(1):110-6 e1.
11. Van Zele T, Claeys S, Gevaert P, Van Maele G, Holtappels G, Van
Cauwenberge P, et al. Differentiation of chronic sinus diseases by
measurement of inflammatory mediators. Allergy. 2006;61(11):1280-9.
12. Tomassen P, Vandeplas G, Van Zele T, Cardell LO, Arebro J, Olze H,
et al. Inflammatory endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis based on cluster
analysis of biomarkers. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;137(5):1449-56 e4.
13. Rossi D, Zlotnik A. The biology of chemokines and their receptors.
Annu Rev Immunol. 2000;18:217-42.
14. Zlotnik A, Yoshie O. Chemokines: a new classification system and
their role in immunity. Immunity. 2000;12(2):121-7.
15. Palomino DC, Marti LC. Chemokines and immunity. Einstein (Sao
Paulo). 2015;13(3):469-73.
16. Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Mullol J, Bachert C, Alobid I, Baroody F, et
al. EPOS 2012: European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal
polyps 2012. A summary for otorhinolaryngologists. Rhinology.
2012;50(1):1-12.
17. Konig K, Klemens C, Haack M, Nicolo MS, Becker S, Kramer MF, et al.
Cytokine patterns in nasal secretion of non-atopic patients distinguish
between chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polys. Allergy
Asthma Clin Immunol. 2016;12:19.
18. Olze H, Forster U, Zuberbier T, Morawietz L, Luger EO. Eosinophilic
nasal polyps are a rich source of eotaxin, eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3.
Rhinology. 2006;44(2):145-50.
19. Teplyakov A, Obmolova G, Gilliland GL. Structural insights into
chemokine CCL17 recognition by antibody M116. Biochem Biophys Rep.
2018;13:27-31.
20. Peterson S, Poposki JA, Nagarkar DR, Chustz RT, Peters AT, Suh LA,
et al. Increased expression of CC chemokine ligand 18 in patients with
chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol.
2012;129(1):119-27 e1-9.
21. Wright ED, Frenkiel S, Ghaffar O, al-Ghamdi K, Luster A, Miotto D,
et al. Monocyte chemotactic protein expression in allergy and
non-allergy-associated chronic sinusitis. J Otolaryngol.
1998;27(5):281-7.
22. Yoshikawa M, Wada K, Yoshimura T, Asaka D, Okada N, Matsumoto K, et
al. Increased CXCL10 expression in nasal fibroblasts from patients with
refractory chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma. Allergol Int.
2013;62(4):495-502.
23. Rudack C, Sachse F, Alberty J. Primary role of growth-related
oncogene-alpha and granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 as neutrophil
chemoattractants in chronic rhinosinusitis. Clin Exp Allergy.
2006;36(6):748-59.
24. Elsner J, Hochstetter R, Kimmig D, Kapp A. Human eotaxin represents
a potent activator of the respiratory burst of human eosinophils. Eur J
Immunol. 1996;26(8):1919-25.
25. Yao T, Kojima Y, Koyanagi A, Yokoi H, Saito T, Kawano K, et al.
Eotaxin-1, -2, and -3 immunoreactivity and protein concentration in the
nasal polyps of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients.
Laryngoscope. 2009;119(6):1053-9.
26. Kim B, Lee HJ, Im NR, Lee DY, Kim HK, Kang CY, et al. Decreased
expression of CCL17 in the disrupted nasal polyp epithelium and its
regulation by IL-4 and IL-5. PLoS One. 2018;13(5):e0197355.
27. Tsybikov NN, Egorova EV, Kuznik BI, Fefelova EV, Magen E. Biomarker
assessment in chronic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis: Endothelin-1,
TARC/CCL17, neopterin, and alpha-defensins. Allergy Asthma Proc.
2016;37(1):35-42.
28. Kim HB, Kim CK, Iijima K, Kobayashi T, Kita H. Protein microarray
analysis in patients with asthma: elevation of the chemokine PARC/CCL18
in sputum. Chest. 2009;135(2):295-302.
29. Kapitany A, Beke G, Nagy G, Doan-Xuan QM, Bacso Z, Gaspar K, et al.
CD1c+ Blood Dendritic Cells in Atopic Dermatitis are Premature and Can
Produce Disease-specific Chemokines. Acta Derm Venereol.
2017;97(3):325-31.
30. Pezato R, Perez-Novo CA, Holtappels G, De Ruyck N, Van Crombruggen
K, De Vos G, et al. The expression of dendritic cell subsets in severe
chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is altered. Immunobiology.
2014;219(9):729-36.
31. Jonstam K, Swanson BN, Mannent LP, Cardell LO, Tian N, Wang Y, et
al. Dupilumab reduces local type 2 pro-inflammatory biomarkers in
chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Allergy. 2019;74(4):743-52.
32. Bonecchi R, Bianchi G, Bordignon PP, D’Ambrosio D, Lang R, Borsatti
A, et al. Differential expression of chemokine receptors and chemotactic
responsiveness of type 1 T helper cells (Th1s) and Th2s. J Exp Med.
1998;187(1):129-34.
33. Rot A, Krieger M, Brunner T, Bischoff SC, Schall TJ, Dahinden CA.
RANTES and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha induce the migration
and activation of normal human eosinophil granulocytes. J Exp Med.
1992;176(6):1489-95.
34. Maurer M, von Stebut E. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1. Int J
Biochem Cell Biol. 2004;36(10):1882-6.
35. Zhang N, Van Zele T, Perez-Novo C, Van Bruaene N, Holtappels G,
DeRuyck N, et al. Different types of T-effector cells orchestrate
mucosal inflammation in chronic sinus disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol.
2008;122(5):961-8.
36. Thomson NC. Novel approaches to the management of noneosinophilic
asthma. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2016;10(3):211-34.
37. Steinke JW, Liu L, Huyett P, Negri J, Payne SC, Borish L. Prominent
role of IFN-gamma in patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory
disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;132(4):856-65 e1-3.
38. Islam SA, Ling MF, Leung J, Shreffler WG, Luster AD. Identification
of human CCR8 as a CCL18 receptor. J Exp Med. 2013;210(10):1889-98.
39. Cai M, Bonella F, He X, Sixt SU, Sarria R, Guzman J, et al. CCL18 in
serum, BAL fluid and alveolar macrophage culture supernatant in
interstitial lung diseases. Respir Med. 2013;107(9):1444-52.
40. Bellinghausen I, Reuter S, Martin H, Maxeiner J, Luxemburger U,
Tureci O, et al. Enhanced production of CCL18 by tolerogenic dendritic
cells is associated with inhibition of allergic airway reactivity. J
Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130(6):1384-93.
41. Wu D, Zhou J, Bi H, Li L, Gao W, Huang M, et al. CCL11 as a
potential diagnostic marker for asthma? J Asthma. 2014;51(8):847-54.
42. Elsner J, Escher SE, Forssmann U. Chemokine receptor antagonists: a
novel therapeutic approach in allergic diseases. Allergy.
2004;59(12):1243-58.
43. Van Coillie E, Van Damme J, Opdenakker G. The MCP/eotaxin subfamily
of CC chemokines. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 1999;10(1):61-86.
44. Proost P, Van Leuven P, Wuyts A, Ebberink R, Opdenakker G, Van Damme
J. Chemical synthesis, purification and folding of the human monocyte
chemotactic proteins MCP-2 and MCP-3 into biologically active
chemokines. Cytokine. 1995;7(2):97-104.
45. Walz A, Schmutz P, Mueller C, Schnyder-Candrian S. Regulation and
function of the CXC chemokine ENA-78 in monocytes and its role in
disease. J Leukoc Biol. 1997;62(5):604-11.
46. Lukacs NW, Hogaboam CM, Kunkel SL, Chensue SW, Burdick MD, Evanoff
HL, et al. Mast cells produce ENA-78, which can function as a potent
neutrophil chemoattractant during allergic airway inflammation. J Leukoc
Biol. 1998;63(6):746-51.
47. Strieter RM, Kunkel SL, Burdick MD, Lincoln PM, Walz A. The
detection of a novel neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78) using a
sensitive ELISA. Immunol Invest. 1992;21(6):589-96.
48. Mazzi V, Fallahi P. Allergic rhinitis and CXCR3 chemokines. Clin
Ter. 2017;168(1):e54-e8.
49. Medoff BD, Sauty A, Tager AM, Maclean JA, Smith RN, Mathew A, et al.
IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (CXCL10) contributes to airway
hyperreactivity and airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. J
Immunol. 2002;168(10):5278-86.