Secondary outcomes
The severe disease incidence was lower in ACEI/ARB treated group than in non-ACEI/ARB group (29.7% versus 52.4 %; P = 0.002; Figure 1D ) with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.29 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.60) after adjusting for other potential risk factors (P=0.001). Also, the incidence of severe illness was lower in the ARBs treated group vs. the group not treated with ARBs [25.9% (15 of 58) vs. 51.4% (72 of 140), respectively; P=0.001; Figure 1D ], which remained significant after adjusting for confounders. The occurrence rate of severe illness did not change based on the use of ACEI. Compared with ACEI and ARBs, there was no significant difference in the occurrence rates of severe illness (P = 0.172).
The occurrence of ARDS was lower in ACEI/ARB group than in non-ACEI/ARB group (21.6% versus 42.7%, P = 0.003; Figure 1D ) with OR (95%CI) of 0.27 (0.13-0.58) after adjusting confounders (P = 0.001). The ARB treated patients group had a significantly lower rate of ARDS than the group not treated with ARB (15.5% versus 42.9%, P<0.001; Figure 1D ), with OR (95%CI) of 0.18 (0.07-0.43) after adjusting for potential risk factors. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of ARDS between those who treated with or without ACEI. In a comparison between ACEI and ARB, the incidence of ARDS was lower in ARB than in the ACEI group (15.5% versus 43.8%, P =0.020; Figure 1D ), with OR (95%CI) of 0.21 (0.05-0.83) after adjusting confounders (P =0.026).
There were no significant differences between ACEI/ARB or ARB treated and the group not treated in other major adverse events (Table 1 and 2 ).