Data Extraction and Assessment of Risk of Bias
Titles, abstracts, and citations were independently analyzed by the
authors (JC-R, CR-M). From the full text, all studies were independently
assessed for inclusion. The authors were independently involved in all
stages of study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment.
The latter was assessed according to recommendations outlined in the
Cochrane Handbook15 for the following items: 1)
adequacy of sequence generation; 2) allocation concealment; 3) blinding
of participants and investigators; 4) blinding of outcome assessment; 5)
incomplete outcome data; 6) selective outcome reporting, and other bias.
Disagreements were discussed and resolved by consensus.