FIGURE CAPTIONS
Figure 1. Locations of mealybug collection sites in both the native and non-native range of Hypogeococcus pungens species complex. Green circles represent Cactaceae host plants where mealybugs were collected; purple circles represent Amaranthaceae host plants, while yellow circles represent Portulacaceae host plants. A and B correspond with the native range distribution, while C, D, E and F correspond with the non-native range distribution of the species complex.
Figure 2. Clustering analyses using sNMF (A) and DAPC (B) methods based on 1,707 SNPs from 141 Hypogeococcus pungensspecies complex specimens and neighbor joining network based on mtDNA data (C). Visual representation of five clusters (K= 5) along with membership probability of each individual to the corresponding cluster. Color codes in both clustering analyses and in the neighbor joining network are the same: yellow: Ar-A: specimens from Argentina feeding on Amaranthaceae; green: BrPRUS-AP: specimens from northern Brazil, Puerto Rico and the United States feeding on Amaranthaceae and/or Portulacaceae; red: ArPaAu-C: specimens from Argentina, Paraguay and Australia feeding on Cactaceae; light blue: BrPR-C: specimens from southern Brazil and Puerto Rico feeding on Cactaceae and blue: Br-A: specimens from southern Brazil feeding on Amaranthaceae.
Figure 3. Phylogenetic hypotheses based on SNPs and mtDNA forHypogeococcus pungens species complex. Phylogenetic trees were inferred by ML and BI based on 1,707 SNPs (A) and mtDNA haplotypes (B). Species tree reconstructed using coalescent method in SNAPP based on the dataset of 1,679 SNPs (C). Mealybugs feeding on Cactaceae host plant: clade ArPaAu-C, mealybugs from Argentina, Paraguay and Australia, and mealybugs from southeastern Brazil and Puerto Rico (clade BrPR-C). Mealybugs feeding on Amaranthaceae and Portulacaceae host plant: Br-A, mealybugs from southeastern Brazil; clade Ar-A, H. pungens sensu stricto ; clade clade BrPRUS-AP, mealybugs from northeastern Brazil, Puerto Rico and the United States.
SUPPORTING INFORMATION
Table S1. Host plant use and geographic origin ofHypogeococcus pungens species complex samples.
Table S2. Number of loci identified after each quality filtering step.
Table S3. Pairwise Fst estimates for Hypogeococcus pungens species complex populations sampled in native and invaded areas.
Table S4. Pairwise Fst estimates for the groups defined by cluster analysis.
Table S5. Species delimitation scenarios forHypogeococcus pungens species complex.
Figure S1 . Outcomes of single locus species delimitation analyses.