Table 3: Main studies reporting diabetes as adverse outcome risk for COVID-19 20-33
Table 3: Main studies reporting diabetes as adverse outcome risk for COVID-19 20-33
Table 3: Main studies reporting diabetes as adverse outcome risk for COVID-19 20-33
Study Population Main findings
Wang D, et al Retrospective case series China
138 hospitalized patients with COVID-19
A. 102 (73.9%) patients admitted to isolation wards, and 36 (26.1%) admitted to ICU because of organ dysfunction. B. Patients admitted to ICU were significantly older, median (IQR) age 66 (57-78) years vs 51 (37-62) years, P < 0.001), more likely to have hypertension (58.3%) vs (21.6%), diabetes (22.2%) vs (5.9%), CVD (25.0%) vs (10.8%) and cerebrovascular disease (16.7%) vs (1.0%) compared to those who were not in ICU.
Chinese CDC, Cross sectional analysis.
44,672 confirmed cases of COVID-19
A. Total 1,023 deaths occurred, crude fatality rate 2.3%. B. Crude fatality rate of patients with no comorbidities 0.9%. C. Fatality rate of patients with comorbidities 10.5% for CVD, 7.3% for diabetes, 6.3% for chronic respiratory disease, 6.0% for hypertension and 5.6% for cancer.
Zhou F, et al Retrospective, multicentre, China
191 patients hospitalised with COVID-19
A. 54 (28%) patients died in hospital. B. In univariable analysis, odds of in-hospital death was higher in patients with diabetes (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.35 to 6.05) or coronary heart disease (21.1, 4.64 to 98.76).
Roncon L, et al, Data base analysis Italy
1,382 patients hospitalised for COVID-19
A. Mean age 51.5 years, 58% men. B. Patients with diabetes had a significantly higher risk for ICU admission (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.85 to 4.22, p < 0.0001) and mortality (3.21, 1.82 to 5.64, p < 0.000).
Chen Y, et al. Data base analysis China
1,936 patients with COVID-19.
There were significant correlations between COVID-19 severity and hypertension (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.76 to 3.00, P<0.01), diabetes (67, 1.91 to 3.74, P<0.01), coronary heart disease (2.85, 1.68 to 4.84, P<0.01).
Bo L, et al. Data analysis China
1,527 patients with COVID-19.
A. Proportions of hypertension, CCVD and diabetes were 17.1%, 16.4% and 9.7%, respectively. B. Incidences of hypertension, CCVD and diabetes were twofold, threefold and twofold, respectively higher in ICU/severe cases compared to non-ICU/severe counterparts. C. Diabetes accounted for 11.7% of ICU/severe cases and 4.0% of non-ICU/severe cases, RR  2.21, 95% CI 0.88 to 5.57, P = 0.09>
Guan WJ, et al. Retrospective China
1,099 patients with COVID-19.
A. 81 (7.4%) of patients had diabetes. B. Primary composite end point of admission to ICU, mechanical ventilation or death occurred in 26.9% of patients with diabetes, only second to hypertension (35.8%).
WU C, et al Retrospective China
201 patients with COVID-19.
A. 41.8% of patients developed ARDS. B. Patients with compared to those without ARDS, had comorbidities such as hypertension (27.4% vs 13.7%, difference 13.7%, 95% CI 1.3% to 26.1%) and diabetes (19.0% vs 5.1%, difference 13.9%, 95% CI 3.6% to 24.2%).
Yang X, et al Retrospective China
52 critically ill patients with COVID-19.
A. 98% had chronic illness. B. 61.5% died at 28 days. C. Top comorbidities among non-survivors were diabetes (22%) and CVD (22%).
Yuan M, et al Retrospective China
27 patients with COVID-19.
A. 10 patients died in hospital. B. Patients who died were significantly older (median age 68 vs 55 years, p=0.003), had more comorbidities (80% vs 29%, p=0.02), diabetes (60% vs 0%, p=0.001), hypertension (50% vs 0%,p=0.003) and CVD (30% vs 0%, p=0.04).
Yang J, et al Data analysis China
1,576 patients with COVID-19.
Significant comorbidity differences between severe and non-severe group were hypertension (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.46 to 3.83), respiratory disease (2.46, 1.76 to 3.44), CVD (3.42, 1.88 to 6.22) but diabetes was not statistically significant (2.07, 0.89 to 4.82).
Shabto JM, et al Retrospective, US
65 DM and COVID-19 patients
Telemedicine outpatient follow up showed the rate of hospitalisation for patients with diabetes double (10.2%) that of other patients (5.1%).
Zhang Y, et al Retrospective China
258 (63 with diabetes) hospitalised COVID-19 patients.
A. Median age 64 years (range 23-91). B. Patients with diabetes were more likely to develop severe disease, more complications, mechanical ventilation and death (11.1% vs. 4.1%). C. Diabetes (aHR 3.64, 95% CI 1.09 to 12.21) and fasting blood glucose (1.19, 1.08 to 1.31) were associated with the fatality.
Williamson E, et al Data base analysis, UK
17,425,445 NHS registered adults.
A.5683 died of COVID-19. B. Uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c>+7.5%) increased risk of death (HR 2.36, 95% CI 2.18 to 2.56).