Clonal reproduction
A precise definition of clonal reproduction has been historically used in population genetics, corresponding to “an individual produces new individuals that are genetically identical to the ancestor at all loci in the genome, except at those sites that have experienced somatic mutations ” (as defined in De Meeûs, Prugnolle, & Agnew, 2007, see also Marshall & Weir, 1979). This definition implicitly includes reproduction through agametic tissues and apomictic parthenogenesis.