Viral cycle
Target Antiviral drug
Host attachment and entry Host cell serine protease receptor Eriodictyol, Cepharanthine, Ergoloid, Nitrofurantoin
Host tyrosine kinase receptor ND
ACE2 ND
Integrins ND
Spike protein EK1C4
Uncoating Ion channel proteins ND
Replicase Protein Expression Papain-like proteinase (PLpro) Mycophenolic acid, Grazoprevir, Formoterol, Telaprevir, Diarylheptanoids, etc
3C-like main protease (3CLpro) Ritonavir, Nelfinavir, Lopinavir, Ebselen, Cinanserin, Ketoamide, Atazanavir,
Replication of viral genome RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) Remdesivir, Baloxavir marboxil, Triazavirin, Favipiravir (Avigan), Ribavirin, Penciclovir, Acyclovir fleximer analogue, Galidesivir
Helicase ND
The peptidyl/prolyl isomerases (PPIases) ND
Nucleoside analogs Remdesivir, Favipiravir, ribavirin, 5-fluorouracil
Viral protein assembly Envelope protein (E protein) ND
Cell release of the virus ORF7a ND