2.2 Mitochondrial genome sequencing
For mitochondrial genome sequencing, the Miseq platform was used and more than 1 Gb were sequenced in each sample. To assemble these data, CLC Assembly Cell package (version 4.2.1) was used. After trimming raw data using CLC quality trim (ver. 4.21), assembly was accomplished using the CLC de novo assembler with dnaLCW. Assembled sequences were confirmed by BLASTZ(Schwartz et al., 2003). The GeSeq program was used for annotation (Tillich et al., 2017) and the result manually checked based on alignment of other Spodoptera species mitochondrial genomes using MEGA 7 (Kumar, Stecher, & Tamura, 2016). The circular mitochondrial genome map was generated by OGDraw program (Lohse, Drechsel, & Bock, 2007).