Methods
A single center descriptive retrospective chart review for patients age
birth to 30 years old was conducted from 2011 to 2017. The records were
obtained using an institution managed academic health center data
shelter. This study was reviewed and approved by the University of
Minnesota Institutional Review Board and the study protocol conforms to
the ethical guidelines of the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later
amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Inclusion criteria included patients on medication for AoD, surgical
intervention for AoD, and patients who had both echocardiogram and
advanced imaging (MR/CT). International Classification of Diseases
(ICD)-9 and ICD-10 codes were used to identify all patients with AoD and
who were prescribed beta-blockers, Angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibitors (ACEi) and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB) in addition
to patients who underwent surgery for AoD. Medical records were reviewed
for demographic information and clinical course. Exclusion criteria
included patients with conotruncal defects, absent medication start
dates, and when echocardiogram and advanced imaging was performed more
than 6 months apart.