Conclusions
From an electrophysiologic perspective, although differences in nomenclature exist between cardiac neuroanatomists and cardiac physiologists, the route of innervation to the heart tends to be fairly consistent and should be defined by the cardiac plexus, the major ganglionated part of which is found in the atrial epicardium. Understanding of these specific anatomical principles of the innervation of the heart may facilitate to create a framework for modern therapies to directly target autonomic function.
Funding: There is no finding
Disclosures: All authors declare that there is no financial relationship.