Introduction
In December 2019, an excessive number of cases of pneumonia caused by a
new coronavirus identified as SARS-CoV-2 occurred in Wuhan, China. This
coronavirus has shown a rapid spread in China and also in other
countries. It was found that the genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is
79.5% the same as SARS-CoV-2. Scientists have learned a lot about
SARS-CoV-2 and its pathogenesis in recent months and it has been found
that not all exposed people are infected and not all infected patients
develop serious respiratory diseases.
Based on this, SARS-CoV-2 infection can be divided into three phases:
phase 1, asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic incubation period that does
not require hospitalization with or without detectable virus; phase 2,
non-severely symptomatic period with the presence of the virus; phase 3,
severe respiratory symptomatic phase with high viral load and
generalized hyperinflammatory state. Phase 3 is the most severe and
dangerous phase; the generalized hyperinflammatory state is caused by a
sudden release of cytokines into the circulation defined as ”cytokinic
storm”(CS).