3.4 | Physical and neurocognitive development of DCDA-C and DCDA-D infants at 2-3 years of age
Both height and weight of infants in the DCDA-D-L and DCDA-D-S groups were significantly lower than those in the DCDA-C group (Figure 4A ). This also suggests that the larger twin within DCDA-D pairs is also growth restricted to some degree compared to DCDA-C twins. However, there were no significant dissimilarity in the first-speaking time and the first-walking time among the three groups. The ASQ-3 subscale consists of five developmental domains: communication, fine motor, gross motor, problem-solving, and personal social, with 60 scores potentially as a maximum value. We equally subdivided the 60 scores into four intervals for each domain of the ASQ-3 and assessed infants’ neurocognitive development by comparing the low scores (30 scores or less) in each domain between different groups (Figure 4B ). Both the DCDA-D-L and DCDA-D-S groups showed higher frequencies of low scores (<30 scores) in the fine motor, problem-solving domain, and personal-social domain than the DCDA-C group. Remarkably, the DCDA-D-S group showed much higher frequencies of lower scores (<15 scores) in the fine motor, and personal-social domains than DCDA-D-L and DCDA-C groups (Figure 4B ).