Study Author |
Study Population |
Candidate Predictors |
Predictors in Final Model |
Ahmadzia et al., 201814
|
Intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusion
|
Maternal age (extremes <21 or >36), BMI at
delivery, Number of previous term deliveries, Gestational age
>37 weeks, total years of schooling, African American
ethnicity, insurance status for prenatal care, white blood cell count,
platelet count, haematocrit, previous cesarean delivery, asthma, heart
disease, connective tissue disorder, hypertensive disorder (gestational
hypertension/preeclampsia/HELLP), abruption, non-elective caesarean
delivery, use of general anaesthesia, failure to progress,
preeclampsia/eclampsia or HELLP, abnormal placentation, intrapartum
antibiotic use (including treatment for chorioamnionitis or prophylaxis
for GBS/caesarean delivery)
|
Model 1 & 2: Maternal Age, Body Mass Index (BMI,
kg/m2), Platelets x103, Haematocrit
(%), Gestational hypertension or Preeclampsia, HELLP, History of
asthma, Suspected Abruption, African American, Insurance, Gestational
age <37 weeks, 3 or more previous term deliveries, Heart
disease, Number prior caesarean deliveries
Model 2 also contained: non-elective repeat caesarean delivery, use of
general anaesthesia, failure to progress, preeclampsia/eclampsia or
HELLP, abnormal placentation, intrapartum antibiotic use
|
Chi et al., 201617
|
Parturient patients with complete
prenatal examination data |
Age, BMI, Multiplets, Hypertension family
history, Adverse maternal history, History of abdominal operation,
Hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy, Gestational diabetes
mellitus, Giant baby, Amniotic fluid, Myoma of uterus, Placenta praevia,
Placental abruption, Retained placenta, Adherent placenta, Threatened
premature labour, Abnormal pelvic canal, Haemoglobin, Platelet count,
Caesarean delivery, Placenta factor |
Multiplets, Hypertension family
history, Adverse maternal history, History of abdominal operation,
Hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy, Giant baby, Amniotic
fluid, Myoma of uterus, Abnormal pelvic canal, Threatened premature
labour, Haemoglobin ≤ 100, Platelet Count < 100x10^9, Age ≥
35, BMI ≥ 25, Pregnancy bleeding history |
Dunkerton et al., 201818
|
All caesareans at a single
university hospital trust in U.K |
Previous Caesarean,
antepartum/intrapartum haemorrhage, emergency caesarean, age ≥40y,
maternal sepsis, suspected scar dehiscence, second-stage section,
polyhydramnios, macrosomia, fibroids, preeclampsia/pregnancy induced
hypertension, multiple pregnancies, previous three caesarean sections,
Asian ethnicity, grandmultiparity, placenta praevia, suspected abruption |
Placenta praevia, previous caesarean, antepartum haemorrhage, BMI
>35, Emergency caesarean section, Asian ethnicity, Multiple
Pregnancy, grandmultiparity, pregnancy induced
hypertension/Pre-eclampsia |
Kim et al., 201719
|
Patients with placenta praevia
who underwent caesarean section |
Maternal age, BMI, parity, Gestational
age, previous caesarean, placental abruption, previous uterine surgery,
twin pregnancy, artificial abortion, anterior placenta, cervical
vascularity, Suspicion of placental adhesion |
Gestational age, previous
caesarean, anterior placenta, cervical vascularity, suspicion of
placental adhesion |
Lee et al., 201820
|
Pregnant women with placenta
praevia |
Maternal age at delivery, Parity, BMI, Number of previous
uterine curettages, Previous uterine surgery (caesarean or myomectomy),
Presence of uterine myoma, Cervical length within a week before
delivery, Gestational age at first episode of AP bleed (after 20 weeks),
Number of incidences of antepartum bleeding (after 20w), Need for
emergency CS, Fetal presentation, Placental type (complete or
incomplete), Location (anterior or posterior), Multiple lacunae (≳4
defined as an irregular area of low echogenicity larger than 1x1cm in
placental parenchyma), Lack of translucent zone (clear zone defined as
the line of low echogenicity between myometrium and placenta),
Uteroplacental hypervascularity evident on colour doppler imaging |
Maternal age ≥35 years, Antepartum bleeding, fetal non-cephalic
presentation, complete placenta praevia, anterior placenta, Multiple
lacunae ≥4, Uteroplacental hypervascularity |
Prata et al., 201121
|
Women anticipating a singleton
vaginal delivery of gestational age >36 weeks |
Maternal
age, Education, Nulliparity, Previous antenatal care, PPH in previous
pregnancy, History of obstetric complications, Intact membranes, Anaemia
(measured by blood collected after enrolment and defined as antepartum
Hb at or below 11mg/dl), cervical dilatation, Vaginal delivery with
instruments, Episiotomy, Labour augmentation, Retained placenta, Vaginal
tears, Fetal macrosomia (>3500g), Length of 1st and 2nd
stage, Absence of AMTSL (a protocol), Use of uterotonics, Cord clamping,
Cord traction, Uterine massage |
Elevated number of antenatal care
visits, history of PPH, anaemia, labour augmentation, retained placenta,
length of 1st and 2nd stage, non-use of uterotonics in the 3rd stage and
cord traction |
Rubio-Alvarez et al., 201822
|
Women with singleton
pregnancies who had vaginal birth |
Age, BMI, Antepartum haemoglobin,
Previous caesarean, Primiparity, Instrumental birth, Duration of first
stage, duration of second stage of labour (hours), Use of regional
analgesia, Active management (5IU intraoperative oxytocin and consequent
controlled umbilical cord traction), Manual removal of placenta,
Episiotomy or vaginal tear, Gestational age (weeks)and Neonatal
birthweight(g) |
Primiparity, Maternal age, Duration of first stage,
Duration of second stage, Neonatal birthweight and Antepartum
haemorrhage |
Tsu 199423
|
Women with singleton vertex deliveries and spontaneous onset of
labour
|
Advanced maternal age (>35), Low parity (0,1), Poor
obstetric outcome in preceding pregnancy, Anaemia during current
pregnancy (antenatal haemoglobin <12g/dL) and Admission to
hospital for any pregnancy related problem before onset of labour
|
Combination 1: Poor obstetric outcome in last pregnancy or antenatal
admission to hospital for a pregnancy related problem
Combination 2: Poor obstetric outcome in last pregnancy or antenatal
admission to hospital for a pregnancy related problem or low haemoglobin
Combination 3: any 2 or more risk factors (as listed under ‘Candidate
Predictors’) Combination 4: any 1 or more risk factors (as listed under
‘Candidate Predictors’)
|
Yoon et al., 201424
|
Singleton pregnancy women with
placenta praevia delivered by caesarean section |
Type of praevia:
partialis and totalis, Location of praevia (posterior, lateral and
anterior), Lacunae (classified into 4 grades (0-3)), Echolucent area
(intact or absent) Hypervascularity (normal, moderately increased
intraplacental vascularity and severe uteroplacental hypervascularity),
Bladder-uterine interface (intact or interrupted) Maternal age (≥ 35),
Multiparity, Prior caesarean section, Prior praevia, Prior abortion,
Antepartum bleeding |
Type of placenta praevia, Lacunae,
Hypervascularity, Multiparity, Prior praevia, Prior caesarean
section |