Not often (n=257) Often (n=733) p-value ORc 95%[CI]
Diagnostic imaging
Referral for imaging (‘often’) 10 (1.0%) 63 (6.4%) 0.01 2.32 [1.17, 4.60]
Investigation of unknown pathologies 176 (17.8%) 564 (57.0%) <0.01 1.52 [1.12, 2.10]
Investigation of suspected diagnosis 216 (21.8%) 617 (62.3%) 0.96 -
Investigation of potential fractures 194 (19.6%) 554 (56.0%) 0.97 -
Rule out risk factors prior to treatment 67 (6.8%) 205 (20.7%) 0.56 -
General screening of the spine 7 (0.7%) 25 (2.5%) 0.38 -
Patient assessment (‘yes’)
Orthopaedic testing 241 (24.3%) 725 (73.2%) <0.01 6.01 [2.54, 14.23]
Clinical assessment algorithm 95 (9.6%) 373 (37.7%) <0.01 1.77 [1.32, 2.36]
Neurological testing 229 (23.1%) 687 (69.4%) 0.01 1.82 [1.11, 2.99]
Screening questionnaire 157 (15.9%) 476 (48.1%) 0.27 -
Cranial nerve testing 168 (17.0%) 502 (50.7%) 0.36 -