Acknowledgements
The authors thank Wim van der Putten and Paul Kardol for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. We thank Martijn van der Sluijs, Simon Vandenbrande, Roeland Cortois, Tess van de Voorde, Eke Hengeveld, Thibault Costaz, Minggang Wang and various undergraduate students for assistance in the field. We thank Erik Slootweg, Koen Verhoogt and Gabrielle de Jager for assistance with vegetation recording. Sequencing was performed in collaboration with McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center. The work was supported by the Dutch organization for Scientific Research (NWO Vici grant no 865.14.006). This is a NIOO-KNAW publication.