where Yij is the response of streamflow
(Qt, Qqf, Qbf,
Qpeak) in micro-catchment i to storm jwith total rainfall Xij,\(\overset{\overline{}}{X_{i}}\) represents the means of total rainfall
in the micro-catchments; We can rearrange Equation 2 to express the
ANCOVA on the original response variable (Y) as a regular ANOVA on
values of Y that have been adjusted, according to their linear
dependence on X: