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\begin{document}

\title{What we know about historical eruptions in Canary Islands and what we
can learn}



\author[1]{Nieves Sanchez}%
\author[2]{Carmen Romero}%
\author[1]{Ines Galindo}%
\author[1]{Juana Vegas}%
\author[3]{Esther Martin-Gonzalez}%
\affil[1]{Spanish Geological Survey (IGME)}%
\affil[2]{University of La Laguna}%
\affil[3]{Natural Sciences Museum}%


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  \date{May 27, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Historical volcanic eruptions in Canary Islands have traditionally been
considered as quiet eruptions, mostly effusive and with scant explosions
(VEI 1-2), attending to the general characteristics of this volcanism.
Nevertheless, the geological record of these eruptions shows abundant
signs of moderately explosive activity with PDC desposits and bombs and
blocks of considerable size outcropping in the islands. Scientific
studies of Canarian historical volcanism have been focused on the
analysis of the volcanic processes and the assessment of related
hazards, paying special attention to the monitoring of volcanic activity
in the last few years. However, there is hardly any data of their
effects on the population, like number of victims, affected people,
displaced, emigrated, damage to the crops, lands, animals, etc. In
general, there is also no accurate information on the actions of
authorities or on the crises management. The knowledge of the impacts
caused by volcanic eruptions provides very significant information to be
prepared for future eruptions, and can be found in documentary sources,
both handwritten and printed and graphic, in official or private
documentation. The analysis of these historical chronicles has shed
light on these aspects not previously considered neither by the
authorities nor the scientist or general public. The results of this
research examining the historical chronicles shows that, contrary to
what is generally believed, historical eruptions in Canary Islands did
cause several impacts both on the population (dead, injured or missing,
displaced and evacuated), and on the economy (damage to crops,
livestock, buildings, roads and various infrastructures). The historical
documents also highlight that there was indeed crisis management, both
from the political and scientific authorities in most of the eruptions.
From all these we can conclude that no social interpretation has been
made about the legacy of historical eruptions in Canary Islands nor
about the impact they had. We should implement this knowledge in the
prevention and emergency plans made by the authorities for a better
management of future eruptions, considering the population increase in
the Canary Islands from ca. 360000 inhabitants in 1900 up to ca. 2.13
millions in 2018, plus some millions of tourists (15.5 in 2018).%
\end{abstract}%



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