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The Detection of Seismicity on Icy Ocean Worlds by Single-Station and Small-Aperture Seismometer Arrays
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  • Angela Giuliano Marusiak,
  • Nicholas Charles Schmerr,
  • Erin Christine Pettit,
  • Brad Avenson,
  • Samuel H. Bailey,
  • Veronica J. Bray,
  • Peter H. Dahl,
  • Daniella DellaGiustina,
  • Natalie Wagner,
  • Renee Weber
Angela Giuliano Marusiak
California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Lab, California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Lab

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Nicholas Charles Schmerr
University of Maryland, College Park, University of Maryland, College Park
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Erin Christine Pettit
Oregon State University, Oregon State University
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Brad Avenson
Silicon Audio, Silicon Audio
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Samuel H. Bailey
University of Arizona, University of Arizona
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Veronica J. Bray
University of Arizona, University of Arizona
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Peter H. Dahl
Applied Physics Laboratory, Applied Physics Laboratory
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Daniella DellaGiustina
University of Arizona, University of Arizona
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Natalie Wagner
University of Arizona, University of Arizona
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Renee Weber
NASA MSFC, NASA MSFC
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Abstract

Future mission carrying seismometer payloads to icy ocean worlds will measure global and local seismicity to determine where the ice shell is seismically active. We use two locations, a seismically active site on Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, and a more seismically quiet site on the northwestern Greenland Ice Sheet as geophysical analogs. We compare the performance of a single-station seismometer against a small-aperture seismic array to detect both high (> 1 Hz) and low (< 0.1 Hz) frequency events at each site. We created catalogs of high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) seismicity at each location using the automated Short-Term Average/ Long-Term Average technique. We find that with a 2-meter small-aperture seismic array, our detection rate increased (9 % for Alaska, 46% for Greenland) over the single-station approach. At Gulkana, we recorded an order of magnitude greater HF events than the Greenland site. We ascribe the HF events sources to a combination of icequakes, rockfalls, and ice-water interactions, while very high frequency events are determined to result from bamboo poles that were used to secure gear. We further find that local environmental noise reduces the ability to detect low-frequency global tectonic events. Based upon this study, we recommend that future missions consider the value of the expanded capability of a small array compared to a single station, design detection algorithms that can accommodate variable environmental noise, and assess the potential landings sites for sources of local environmental noise that may limit detection of global events.
Mar 2022Published in Earth and Space Science volume 9 issue 3. 10.1029/2021EA002065