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Deep into the Chibougamau area, Abitibi greenstone belt: structure of a Neoarchean crust revealed by seismic reflection profiling
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  • Lucie Mathieu,
  • David B Snyder,
  • Pierre Bedeaux,
  • Saeid Cheraghi,
  • Bruno Lafrance,
  • Phil Thurston,
  • Ross Sherlock
Lucie Mathieu
UQAC - Université du Québec à Chicoutimi

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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David B Snyder
Laurentian University
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Pierre Bedeaux
UQAC
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Saeid Cheraghi
Laurentian University
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Bruno Lafrance
Laurentian University
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Phil Thurston
Laurentian University
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Ross Sherlock
Laurentian University
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Abstract

Copper-Au magmatic-hydrothermal systems dominate in the Chibougamau area of the Neoarchean Abitibi subprovince (greenstone belt) of the Superior Province (craton), whereas orogenic gold mineralization is more common in the rest of the Abitibi. Understanding differences in metal endowment within the Abitibi greenstone belt requires insights into the geodynamic evolution of the Chibougamau area. This was addressed by imaging the crust using seismic reflection profiling acquired as part of the Metal Earth project. Seismic reflection sections display shallowly south-dipping reflectors located within the upper-crust (e.g., deep continuation of the Barlow fault) and a northward-dipping mid-crust imbricated with older crust (Opatica subprovince) to the north. Multiple reflectors characterize the upper part of the mid-crust, interpreted as faults superimposed on a major lithological boundary. These structures likely formed during terrane accretion prior to craton stabilization. Combining the new seismic data with known stratigraphic, structural and magmatic records, we propose that the study area was initially a normal (i.e., thick) Archean oceanic crust that formed at or before 2.80 Ga and that evolved through terrane imbrication at 2.73-2.70 Ga. Shortening caused rapid burial, devolatilization and partial melting of hydrated mafic rocks to produce tonalite magmas that may have mixed with mantle-derived melts to produce the diorite-tonalite suite associated with observed Cu-Au magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization.
Jul 2020Published in Tectonics volume 39 issue 7. 10.1029/2020TC006223