The health and wellbeing of people living with chronic conditions may be supported and improved by focusing on interventions to facilitate positive changes in health behaviours (Lassale et al., 2019; Dinu et al., 2018; Lee et al., 2012). For the sake of brevity, given the number of health behaviours, we focus predominantly on physical exercise, diet and sleep.
Physical Activity: It is estimated that physical inactivity is responsible for between 10-11% of the burden of chronic disease (Carlson et al., 2015), including diabetes, colon cancer and coronary heart disease, and that inactivity causes 9% of premature mortality (Lee et al., 2012a). Physical activity favourably impacts on a variety of physical health outcomes including improved autonomic function (Adamopoulos et al., 1992), reduced abdominal adiposity (Tremblay et al., 1990) and reduced systemic inflammation (Adamopoulos et al., 1992). This has been shown to result in decreased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular-related death, diabetes mellitus and cancer (Warburton et al., 2006), providing a basis on which its prescription may be used as a treatment for many chronic diseases to improve symptoms. Regular physical activity can be an effective primary and secondary preventative measure for at least 25 chronic conditions (Rhodes et al., 2017), along with improving cognitive function, an especially important consideration given that chronic conditions are associated with declining cognitive ability (Lautenschlager et al., 2008), an important contributing factor to ill-health and illbeing (Brosschot 2017, Beauchaine 2015, Friedman 2007).  Physical activity has proven effective in symptom reduction as part of treatment for many chronic conditions or mental health conditions which often co-occur with, with, and exacerbate the impact of, chronic conditions, including anxiety (Aylett et al., 2018; Oeland et al., 2010), depression (Rimer et al., 2012; Weyerer, 1992), schizophrenia (Girdler et al., 2019; Vancampfort et al., 2012), panic disorder (Hovland et al., 2013), PTSD (Liedl et al., 2011), bipolar disorder (Kucyi et al., 2010), binge eating disorder (Pendleton et al., 2002), bulimia nervosa (Sundgot-Borgen et al., 2002), anorexia nervosa (Zunker, Mitchell, and Wonderlich, 2011), and substance use disorders (Ussher et al., 2014; Smith et al., 2011)
 
Diet:  
Evidence suggests that t